Issues faced by womans

The whole situation in todays women orld leads to some basic questions. Do women feel insecure, unhappy and dissatisfied more than their predecessors? Why are they confused about women's role and position in modern society? Is employment making women economically strong. but socially and emotionally broken? what can be done to empower women? Is there any mld-way, which could make women secure, aware, confident and happy without disturbing the familial peace and social harmony? 1 . Why women are relegated to secondary position? Women comprise of 50% of the world population.It is an anomaly that though they possess diverse capabilities and are of valuable service in various nation-building activities, they had been relegated to secondary posltlon till very recent past by the modern society. why? Is It because they belong to weaker sex? or they are Incapable or Incompetent? Nay, It Is not so. 2. It is apolnt to ponder why modern women Is still Insecure and unhappy, despite attaining so much success in almost every sphere of modern world. Women have played multiple roles in life and in each role their performance is par excellence. StillWomen-folk have to suffer innuendo physical and emotional problems despite of all the changes and developments happened In the modern women's world, The position of women In real life Is sull far from satisfactory. There Is still a deep entrenched discrimination against them almost in every walk of life. It crosses all the borders, age of region, caste, class or community. 3. Why is she confused about what her role should be in real-life? 4. women In Eastern world 5. The eastern world, especially nations in Asla are still struggling to give to Its women their rightful place.Problems of high female mortality rate, sexual arassment, deaths during childbirths still exist there. There are millions of women who have go through sexual harassment, domestic violence, discrimination, abuse or are denied ot pleasures ot lite because ot their gender. Their problems are deeply Ingrained In the history, laws and cultures of complex and sophisticated Aslan societies. Why Indian women feel insecure In general? Generally women suffer deprivation, discrimination, humiliation and denial of basic human rights in varying degrees at some point or the other.Discrimination against them is at every stage ot lite and every where. It may be a girl child, a married woman, a single woman, a working woman, refugees or women belonging to lower, middle or upper strata of society. In India, women In general form one of the most vulnerable sections of Indian Society. Women are at disadvantage due to: Class oppression due to poverty, Economic dependence on male counterpart, Caste oppression due to inter caste clashes social taboos and Gender oppression Increasing number of crimes.Reasons for sufferings/insecurity of women-folk are many like – Indifferent attitude – The male-dominated society and callous government usually turns a blind eye to the ender issues. Mr. P. A. Sebastian, Secretary of the Committee for People's Democratic Rights, says, â€Å"Women have to face an uphill task for taking women's issues as, firstly most people are indifferent to atrocities that do not affect them, it is only a microscopic minority, which reacts. Secondly, the administration and Judiciary are very slow in reaching and taking any kind of measure and sometimes even stall the proceedings. Strains on modern families – A modern woman, when in need, does not find enough support systems to fall back on, which usually her own family used to provide earlier. Due to fast-pace of modern life, busy life-style, lack of time and other constraints on modern families, it has become almost impossible to get earlier kind of emotional or physical support. Many surveys show that a significant number of women leave workforce when they start a family. Maternity is usually seen as a disruption in career.There is a dramatic decline in the share of women as they move up the hierarchy. Growing intolerance amongst youths – The tolerance level of people is continuously decreasing. Aspirations and ambitions have increased beyond limits. Everybody wishes to touch the sky with least effort and with no loss of time. Failure in achieving one's targets due to one reason or the other, make a person intolerant and angry. Liberal ‘divorce' laws – In metros and modern families, marriages are no more considered to be a lifelong commitment.Intolerance amongst youth is increasing. A woman can not be sure due to lack of mutual understanding, how long her marriage will last. It does not take much time or effort for both the couple to walk out. A little bit of intolerance or misunderstanding puts her married status in danger and compels her to cope up with all kinds of problems and difficult situations single- handedly. Adversities of life arising out of economic, social, psychological and environmental situatio ns hit women's world worst.During times of war, struggle, unstable economy, natural calamities and infghting amongst various sections of society or inter-group or intra-group clashes, women along-with children are the primary victims and are worst hit. At times in an attempt to safeguard/uphold their independence/authority within the family or at working place, some women become insensitive, narrow minded and sometimes ruthless. Too much of assertion of their independence or authority create complications in their own life and in others' lives s well, which ultimately develop insecurity in women' s minds.Government of India has made some draconion laws in favour of women with an intention to protect them from violence and discrimination. Instead of gaining the sympathy of society or the opposite sex, they have earned the wrath/ire of menfolk and the society. Such laws are being misused by some shrewd women to teach men/society a lesson. Male members or his relatives can not even rai se their voice against the misuse of such legislations. Government's inefficiency/failure to implement honestly and sincerely the laws passed to protect the interests of women.

Kfc-Stratefy for Developing

Kentucky Fried Chicken Strategic Plan-Part One Jeanette Cortez, Autumn Crowther, James Hopper Fernando Manaloto, Joe Newkirk, and Rita Salem International Strategic Planning and Implementation STR/GM 581 March 31, 2011 Dr. Tim Becker, MBA Introduction Kentucky Fried Chicken has been established as a franchise in Latin America and the focus of this plan will be the El Salvador franchise. The strategic management process is vital and a well laid out plan is necessary. Consequently, by evaluating the background of KFC, the outcome should lead to a clear mission and vision statement outlining the purpose and goals of the company.Also, the mission and vision will keep all shareholders informed of the objectives that should be met by KFC. â€Å"Defining the company mission is one of the most often slighted tasks in strategic management† (Pearce II & Robinson Jr. , 2009, p. 42). A mission lays out the organization’s goals and basically specifies the purpose of the organization . Decisions and strategies can be established after environmental scanning is done along with a Situational Analysis (SWOT). The strategic process also involves frequently assessing the industry structure and choosing strategic plan options that help expand global operations.The two chosen strategic options that will be discussed will be product differentiation and cost leadership. This plan should give clarity on how the options and recommendations fit with both the competitive situation and the organizational situation. Background Based in Louisville, Kentucky, Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) corporation is touted as the â€Å"world’s most popular chicken franchise† (KFC, 2011). KFC serves over 12 million customers in 109 territories and countries throughout the world (KFC, 2011).Famous for its Original Recipe Fried Chicken, there are â€Å"more than 5,200 restaurants in the United States and more than 15,000 units around the world† (KFC, 2011). This company whos e inception was in a gas station back in 1930 by Colonel Harland Sanders is now owned and operated by Yum! Brands, Incorporated. As of 2008, Yum! had revenues in excess of $11 billion and was ranked #239 on the Fortune 500 list (KFC, 2011). KFC Mission Statement, Vision and Strategy KFC’s Mission Statement is: â€Å"’The Association of KFC Franchisees, Inc. s united to protect, promote and advance the mutual interests of all member franchisees and the Kentucky Fried Chicken system. † (Association of Kentucky Fried Chicken Franchisees, Inc. 2006). KFC’s parent company is Yum! Brands (Yum! ). Yum! ’s vision and strategy is â€Å"committed to continuing the success realized during our first ten years. Our success has only just begun as we look forward to the future, one which promises a long runway for growth, especially on an international level† (Yum! , 2011). KFC El Salvador also falls under Caribbean and Latin America Franchisee Association (CARIBLA).CARIBLA’s mission statement and objectives are â€Å"the mission of the CARIBLA Franchisee Association is to represent, promote, and protect the general interests of all member YUM franchisees in Latin America and the Caribbean† (CARIBLA, 2011). Objectives – Contribute to maintain and improve the profitability the restaurants for the short and long term (supply chain management projects). – Represent the members' interests in different areas. – Defend and protect franchisees contractual rights. – Communicate as one voice with YUM Restaurants International. (Association Mission and Objectives,  para. 1). Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats | |Beneficial |Harmful | |Internal |Strengths |Weaknesses | | |1. Purchase power of consumer is rising. |1. Frachise cost is high. | | |2. More than half of Salvadorans income is spent on food. |2. Competition is high in the industry. | |3. Recognized worldwide brand name (15,000 w orld-wide locations. |3. Small country population. | | |4. Quality and freshness regulated throughout every franchise. | | | |5. Offers choices of local food on menu. | | |External |Opportunities |Threats | | |1. Online Sales assist profits. 1. Foreign products are currently fashionable but interest could | | |2. Introduction of new products. |decrease. | | |3. Expansion due to rising economy (Continual Growth) |2. Economic climate stability. | | |4. Only current location in capital city – San Salvador largest |3. Local suppliers are minimal. | | |hub for travelers. |4. â€Å"Pollo Campero† is a Salvadorian brand and well established | | | |chicken eatery. | | | |4.Many fast food competitors such as Burger King, McDonalds, | | | |Pizza Hut, etc. | Product Differentiation The goal of product differentiation is to increase profits by increasing consumer demand and decreasing the demand of price elasticity. Organizations typically attempt to differentiate their products t hrough physical characteristics, location, service, and subjective image differences. KFC’s product differentiation is most impacted by location, service, and physical characteristics.Consumers value a variety of products and because each consumer has different tastes, the organization will attempt to pry consumers away from current competitors by offering physically differentiated products. KFC must differentiate itself vertically, meaning the company will set itself apart from competitors by the actual quality of its products (Waldman and Jensen,  n. d. ). However, KFC’s management must wisely choose upon its locations. The company’s largest competitor, Pollo Campero, operates in 14 different locations in El Salvador and poses a high threat to the company.In addition to location, an organization’s products are highly differentiated by service. With the presence of Pollo Campero, KFC must not only rely on good food but also provide exceptional customer service that will retain its customer base. Cost Leadership The cost leadership strategy targets a broad market. KFC has developed strong relations with suppliers that use cheap ingredients. Additionally, the organization has the capital required to increase production in assets. While this type of investment represents a barrier to entry that many organizations may not overcome, this is an advantage for the organization.Furthermore, KFC’s flexibility in supply chains, product differentiation, and ease in their productions gives the organizations a competitive edge over its competitors (QuickMBA. com,  2010). Conclusion KFC is based in Louisville, Kentucky and is subsidiary of Yum! Brands, and operates in over 109 countries. A KFC store in El Salvador operates under three mission statements of Yum! , the Association of KFC Franchisees, and CARIBLA. KFC has recognizable strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to be evaluated before further expansion in El Salvador. Product differentiation and cost leadership are advantages that KFC utilizes in edging out competitors. Recommendations KFC has choices to make in expanding in El Salvador. One recommendation is for KFC to contact the lone KFC operator in El Salvador to persuade him/her to open more franchises in San Salvador with a goal of gaining more name recognition to expand into other El Salvadoran cities. KFC’s strengths and name recognition will create more opportunities in El Salvador. Another recommendation is to have the lone franchisee to find out if interest in opening new KFC stores exists among El Salvador’s entrepreneurs.The franchisee could be paid a bonus for recruiting applicants that receive franchise approval. Both of these recommendations depend on KFC equaling or surpassing food quality and customer service of chief rival, Pollo Campero, and by using product differentiation and cost leadership. References Kentucky Fried Chicken (2011). Retrieved from KFC website on March 27, 2011: www. kfc. com. Association of Kentucky Fried Chicken Franchisees, Inc.. (2006). Association of Kentucky Fried Chicken Franchisees, Inc.. Retrieved from http://www. kfcf. com/history. htm CARIBLA Franchisee Association. (2011). CARIBLA. Retrieved from website on March 28, 2011: http://www. caribla. com/association_mission. htm Pearce II, J. A. , ; Robinson Jr. , R. B. (2009). Strategic management: Formulation, implementation, and control (11th ed. ). Waldman and Jensen. (n. d. ). Product Differentiation ; Strategy. Retrieved from http://courses. umass. edu/resec732/docs/Waldman%20and%20Jensen%20Chapter%2013. pdf QuickMBA. com. (2010). Strategic Management. Retrieved from

Ethical issues in medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethical issues in medicine - Essay Example n europe regarding a suicidal act was that if any person performs a suicidal act upon him, then the court of law used to order the local police to drag the body of that person on the streets, just to set an example for those, who wished to perform a suicidal act upon them (Emanuel, 1805-1810). By the end of the 18th century, Euthanasia was quite a controversial topic of discussion. Many experts had ejected the idea of euthanasia and considered to be morally and ethically illegal. But in 1828, for the first time ever in history of mankind, The constituiton of USA made assisted suicide illegal. However, By 1930, Euthanasia had started to gain strong support in USA and other westernicized socities of the world and they were in favor of it. By the 20th and ealy 21st century, Euthanasia has made strong progress in Europe. Countries like Netherlands and Belgium have made it legal. Even Australia and USA have made steps to legalize it. Euthanasia can be either an active euthanasia or passive euthanasia. Passive euthanasia refers to taking the life of the other person, at his request, by removing the life supporting means. There can be two kinds of life supporting means, ordinary life supporting means and extraordinary life supporting means. Ordinary life supporting means, such as food and water, are basic human needs, which are required by a person at regular intervals, in order to continue his life. In addition, any such death which is caused by the failure to provide the ordinary life supporting means does not comes under the definition of euthanasia. However, it is not necessary for a person to use extraordinary life supporting means to continue his life and a person also has an absolute freedom to discontinue any such medical treatment which can be categorized as an extraordinary life supporting mean. This is because, as there are many intricacies involved in deaths which are caused by the removal of extraordi nary life supporting means, so each such case of death

Humanitarian Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Humanitarian Operations - Essay Example t has become a policy, the US government continues to draw military personnel from the United States forces to implement various humanitarian operations. Many people regard humanitarian operation as beneficial to the United States forces, but this is partially true. Conducting Humanitarian Operations is not the role of the U.S. military and distracts our forces form their primary mission, which is to defend the U.S. interest. By conducting humanitarian operations, the United States reduces the number of personnel from its primary mission of defending its Interest. In recent years, the US government deployed a significant number of military personnel on humanitarian operation, but this has reduced the number of US forces defending US interest in other places. For instance, the US government sent a considerable number of personnel to provide humanitarian operation in the Libya against Kadhafi’s regime (Christopher, 2011). While the world welcome this move, many of the marine and air force personnel who went to Libya had to leave other duties elsewhere. This can be catastrophic is the personnel are required to report to their stations should an emergency occur. The potential harm of such an event underpin the negative impact of humanitarian operation in enabling the United States defend its interest as necessary instead of taking part in operations that undermine the deployment of its personnel. Humanitarian operation distracts policy makers in U.S government from providing meaningful direction on issues that allow the U.S military to execute their mission appropriately and successfully. During humanitarian operations, the U. S military and its policy makers who take part in these programs that do not have definite objectives, but more demanding due to the complexity in logistics (Carter & White, 2011). Because of this, the U.S military will have less time to address real issues that affect their primary missions such as defending U.S interest. Consequently,

Assignment 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Assignment 7 - Essay Example f psychotic disorders characterized by effective distortions of reality; emotional and mental disorganization, as well as the withdrawal of individuals from social interaction. Some theories while trying to explain schizophrenia, give primacy to biologically related factors like biomechanical imbalance. Other theories tend to emphasize on the dynamism of the family, for example, the way one expresses hostility to the ill individual. Depressive disorder entails signs of â€Å"intense sadness, feelings of futility and worthlessness, and withdrawal from others† (Sue, Sue, and Sue, 1990, p. 325). Characteristics of depression are often physically manifested in change in appetite, sleep, and motivations like boredom and apathy. Cross-cultural studies reveal that there are variations in the way cultures define and communicate symptomatology of depression. Some cultures use fewer words in conveying emotions like anger and sadness. Somatization entails the use of bodily complaints as a means of expressing psychological distress. Certain studies have proposed that certain groups, like Hispanics and Japanese somaticize comparatively more than Americans and Europeans. Some of the complaints include intestinal problems and low back pain. Therefore, the carried out research suggests that, even if previously regarded a phenomenon of culture-specific could be universal embedding meanings of culture-specific as well as expression modes. Culture-bound syndromes present the strongest relevance regarding cultural relativism in comprehending and addressing abnormality. Historically, the literature can be put into view points, with the first view proposes that psychopathology and culture are intertwined, and that one has to constrain him/herself within a given framework of culture. This approach is referred to as cultural relativism. The other view, which contrasts the first one hold proposes that even if culture plays a responsibility while determining the actual behavior, the

The Effects of Sleep on General Fitness Research Paper

The Effects of Sleep on General Fitness - Research Paper Example Moreover, with sleep deprivation over every 24 hours, performance also declines accordingly (Bianchi 2014). Sleep deprivation, thus, directly influences key performance areas, which directly affect one`s body fitness. For this reason, it is essential to understand the sleep patterns and how they may be effected, or how thet may affect other fitness indicators. Researchers managed to conduct a study with data for over 30 years of National Football League and reflected patterns implying that the teams which travelled through three time zones during the night time experienced a disrupted sleeping patterns and disturbed exercise schedules. Thus, it was concluded that such teams were 67% more likely to lose as compared to those with a persistent sleeping patterns. Moreover, studies also demonstrated how athletes getting a good 10 hours of sleep reflect an enhanced muscle memory which directly improves the quality of moves learnt the day before (Calten & Bruce 2009). In addition, similar studies concluded that athletes who consistently get a sleep for 10 hours demonstrated improvement in context to speed, strength, and agility along with the reaction time. Furthermore, sleep deprivation leads towards chronic diseases, that is , those who don`t get enough sleep often exhibit signs of diabetes, hypertension, obesity and other medical disorders re lated to cardio-metabolism and endocrine glands in the human body (Calten & Bruce 2009). More so, further research in the area dictates that even if the body survives a few days with no sleep, it immensely impacts the body`s insulin levels to around 25 percent which leads them towards the pre-diabetic phase, also such individuals may gain around 18 to 30 lb of weight in quite a few days. Studies have also shown that soldiers with less or no sleep at all have also exhibited decreased signs of abilities in marksmanship, mental as well as physical performance

Britain At The Paris Peace Conference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Britain At The Paris Peace Conference - Essay Example The overall outcomes of the Conference have been usually labelled as failure, but such view is not fully correct. On the one hand, the treaties signed during the Paris negotiations did fail to secure peace in Europe in the long-term. On the other hand, the problems facing the negotiating parties at that difficult time were too complicated and often defied effective solutions1. However, the fact that some nations participating in the conference benefited more than others from the conditions of peace can hardly be put in question. Analysis of the key provisions negotiated during the Paris Peace Conference convincingly demonstrates that Britain was one of the participants whom managed to have their requirements satisfied to an acceptable extent. Although the common goal of the leaders involved in the Paris negotiations was apparently to restore peace and stability in Europe, the Conference immediately exposed serious disagreement between the Allies concerning how to threat Germany. The views were highly contradictory with the Big Three leaders balancing between the long-term political benefits of their countries, varying interests of their partners, and the public opinions of their nations. French Prime Minister Clemenceau perceived Germany as a potential threat to stability and peace in Europe, and a threat to security of his country. Therefore, France claimed that Germany was obliged to "cover the costs of restoration of invaded territories and repayment of war debts [and that] a long period of stiff repayments would have the added advantage of keeping Germany financially and economically weak"2. Such claim clearly demonstrated the reasonable fear of France that light penalties would result in rapid recovering and further strengthening of Germany. The Fourteen points of President Wilson reflected his highly idealist and pacifist views on the political developments in Europe: perhaps that is why Wilson failed to convince the Allies accept his moderate position on the economic obligations of Germany. On the other hand, Britain was extremely concerned with the revival and further development of international trade which constituted the cornerstone of the country's economic potency3. Lloyd George understood that Germany ruined by excessively hard economic claims of France and other Allies would seriously undermine marketability of British goods in the European market: "While the British government saw 66 million potential German customers, the French government trembled at the prospect of 66 million German soldiers and possible invaders."4. The British representatives also viewed Germany as a potential "barrier-fortress against the Russians"5 and reasonably considered that only country with healthy economy tied by strongly trade-b ased relationships could effectively fulfil such mission. Evidently, while none of the major players had his interests fully satisfied, the economic provisions of the Treaty of Versailles came closer to satisfying the requirements of British delegation. An exact monetary figure Germany was obliged to pay to the Allies never appeared in the Treaty, and despite the claims of Britain and Germany that the terms of reparations were still too harsh, the truth was "the Treaty of Versailles had left [Germany] largely intact, with a population almost double that of France, and

Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Movie Review Example Day for Night† was â€Å"named after a technical term for night scenes shot in daylight with a special filter,  offering a fascinating insight into the reality behind the art of moviemaking† (â€Å"New Wave Film† Web). The film revolves around a story of English woman married to a French man, who falls in love again with the father of her husband and together they escape. Actually, this was as a result of the son bringing the girlfriend, Pamela, to introduce her to the parents not really knowing that the two- his father and Pamela, will fall in love and leave him helpless. There are various themes in the film. Some of the themes include pregnancy and death, failure of particular love affair and rise of another, and also the motion of emergence of new careers and upholding the existing ones. The film is composed of the director, Francois Truffaut, who acts as Ferrand and is entitled to hard work and many challenges being the director. Ferrand has the leading lady called Julie who is Jacqueline Bisset, who is not covered by any insurance company and is suffering from the nervous breakdown, Jean-Pierre Leaud acting as Alphonse is just concerned with script girl than concentration on his acting role. Valentina Cortese acts as Severine and has a hot temper distracting her from memorizing the exact lines of the part assigned to her. Lastly, Jean-Pierre Aumont, taking duties as Alexandre meets his male lover secretly and persistently, yet no one really knows where he goes. Cinematographer in the film is Pierre-William Glenn; the assistant director of the day for night is Nathalie Baye acting as Joelle, and the producer, Marcel Berbert. (â€Å"New Wave Film† Web). The viewers have accepted the movie â€Å"Day for Night† and they credit the film highly between four over five to five over five. Various award and credits have been given out in favour of the fill due to its interesting, touching and funny nature. Not only the movie addicts were attracted to watch this

Business Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Business Law - Assignment Example From section 21 of the ACL, it is evident that this law is aimed at leveling the bargaining power difference between the buyer and seller. Accordingly, Section 22 of the law deals with commercial transactions in protecting consumers from unconscionable conduct. According to section 18, misleading or deceptive conduct is prohibited, where the section sets out the elements that must be settled if contravention is to be proved. These elements are the conduct by the corporation or person, the activity of trade or commerce and conduct that misleads, deceives, or purports to mislead or deceive. This section is not only restricted to consumers, since it can be enforced by suppliers and competitors against other suppliers and competitors. A contract between two is generally dictated by two important factors, the offer of a contract and the subsequent acceptance of the contract by the other party. These two factors are important in contract law since they determine the time, place and contents o the agreement that make up the contract. An offer is determined by several factors, including the intention to be bound by a contract, a promise to adhere by the contract and communication of the offer to the other party. An offer must be distinguished from an invitation to treat, which is just an offer to consider the offer and cannot create a valid agreement. The distinction between an offer and an invitation to treat is done to set the intention of the offerer and offeree. The offer must also be communicated to the other party, in which case, the other party chooses to accept or decline the contract. The offeree to the contract has the option of accepting or declining the offer, and for an agreement to be reached, the offer ee must indicate intention to accept the contract. For an acceptance to be in line with the law, the acceptance must strictly adhere to the original offer, and of the offeree includes some new conditions, and then it

Proposal for Jamba Juice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Proposal for Jamba Juice - Essay Example After running the successful business of only nutritious beverages that include, healthy smoothies, squeezed fruit juices and fresh blend of juices, teas and coffees and oatmeal later, Jamba Juice adopted a new line of healthy items. These include baked items and fresh salads, wraps, and sandwiches and fruit yogurts. And, now Jamba Juice is motivated to open its new store at ‘San Antonio International Airport’. Jamba Juice Company actively works for a nonprofit organization named â€Å"Bay Area Leadership Foundation (BALF)†. As a matter of fact, they chose Jamba Juice as a ‘Corporate Citizen of the Year’ (Globenewswire, 2015). Jamba Juice Company is looking forward to establish its new restaurant at ‘San Antonio International Airport’ as it has a capacity of dealing around eight million travelers in a year domestic and international (Aviation Department, 2014). Idea of expanding the business at a populous place that deals with non-stop public operations can be very effective way to conduct profitable operations. There are number of restaurants already present at San Antonio Airport, But Jamba Juice Company has a unique selling point of providing fresh and full of nourishment fruit blends. In order to start a new restaurant, the company needs to invest in major goods; some of them are going to be their assets as they will last longer and need to spend in expenses like Deposit for building’s security. It remains as the major expense because legal fee registration and certification are legally advised; company can restate its budget in marketing expense. Since the restaurant manage day to day fruit buying, transportation cost is going to be the highest among all the operating expenses. According to the table above, Jamba Juice Company has a potential to establish its store at its new location, San Antonio Airport, as the company is rising with the growth rate of 8% annually, and eligible to

Mary Shelley Essay Example for Free

Mary Shelley Essay They make him stand out from the crowd and you instantly see a monster. Not a human. A monster that is evil. There is a contrast here between beauty and horror. Mary Shelley describes his teeth of pearly whiteness and his hair of lustrous black and flowing. This makes him seem beautiful. She then goes on to explain his more horrid features with his watery eyes set in dun-white sockets and his shrivelled complexion. This makes him seem like a monster. The monster is partly born evil because his creator abandons him and leaves him to figure life out by himself. The first thing the monster learns when he escapes the flat is evil and therefore he sees it as a way of life. Frankenstein leaves the flat in a hurry to escape his creation. He abandons the monster. This upsets the monster and thus shows us that even the monster can have a soul and feelings. Upset by this he decides to leave the flat and that is when he discovers all about real life, it is not his fault that he is evil. Frankensteins state of mind influences this because he is very stressed, as he has had no sleep and therefore gets angry, scared and emotional quite quickly and easily. If this is what the monster first sees then clearly he will act in the same way. Mary Shelley makes a lot of literary references in chapter 5. She bases the whole novel on Prometheus. It is known as a modern Prometheus. It was a huge part of Mary Shelleys inspiration. This myth underpins the whole novel. In the myth, Prometheus steals fire and is therefore punished for all eternity. This also goes for Coleridges Rime of the Ancient Mariner. The fact that if you go against something so strongly believed in then there will be an eternal punishment. That fact the if you do something against the law in this case, the law of nature there will always be consequences. Coleridges Rime of the Ancient Mariner is in the text because it illustrates exactly what Mary Shelley is talking about in the paragraph. It emphasises the fact that Frankenstein has gone against the laws of nature. Frightful Fiend not only shows us that Frankenstein has built an ugly monster but it is the concept that is frightening not the monster. That fact that once one person does something no matter how evil there will always be consequences and no turning back. Once one person has done something, the door is always open to other people doing the same. In this case, as soon as Frankenstein had created the monster there were more opportunities for, not only making humans out of body parts but for science and experiments and discoveries. She also refers to Dante. It became a thing such as even Dante could not have conceived. Dante was famous for his depictions of hell. What she is saying is here is that the monster that Victor had created looked pure evil and it was something that no other man on this earth could have created. This chapter prepares us for what happens later because abandoning the monster has led it to be evil. Frankenstein is constantly avoiding it trying not to think about it or find it. This makes the monster angry and upset. It will want revenge and because it is evil we expect to see bad things happen such as deaths. The result of Frankensteins irresponsible running away is that he has left the monster to work out what life is all about by himself. He was not born evil, he just realised that the first thing he saw in the world was fighting and killing and shouting. Frankenstein dreamt that his monster would be a success. The beauty of the dream vanished. After he had created the monster he endures the horror of it. He suddenly realised that he had committed nearly two days creating something so horrible that he almost knows that no good will come of it. Unable to take in the aspect of the monster he rushed to his room and tries to sleep. He does and he dreams that he kills Elizabeth by kissing her. As I imprinted the first kiss on her lips, they became livid with the hue of death. His dream foresees what will happen in the future. It tells Frankenstein that Elizabeth will die. Could it be his fault for Elizabeths death? In the dream, he kills Elizabeth but further on in the story the monster does. However, Frankenstein created the monster so is it his fault that Elizabeth dies? Frankenstein is based on new scientific discovery of the time, such as electricity. It relates to the many experiments being conducted at the time. Even in the 21st century there is still controversy over discoveries in science. There are debates in the news over abortions, genetically modified babies/food, the effects of global warming. Frankenstein relates to developments in science today because no matter when or where discoveries are being made, there will always be debates and arguments over the use of science and how it can effect us when used in such ways that the results are worse. Sarah Williams Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section. r

Participative Management Essay Example for Free

Participative Management Essay In the corporate world, management style has shifted from scientific management to participatory management. While scientific principles of management underlines communication, leadership and participation , participatory management is anchored on the need for quality management, good relationship with the workers, building teams and integrated organizational structures. Research has shown that the following benefits can be accrued from participatory management. Firstly, it can result to the decline in absenteeism and turnover while enhancing attraction and retention of workers since they have a feeling of ownership in the organization. It also promotes effective and efficient conveyance of information between the management and the employee at all levels in the organization. (Yeatts, Hyten, 1998, p. 16). Elsewhere, it makes everyone to feel a stake order in the decision making process. Additionally, it reduces the cases of internal disagreements and wrangles since the workers interact without suspicion and consider each other a brother/sister. Participative management helps to widen the scope of skills of the staff and enhances innovations and designing of efficient ways and procedures for tasks. Finally, it motivates and gives job satisfaction to the workers ((Yeatts, Hyten, 1998, p. 29). On the other hand, participatory management has some demerits that have been evident in organizations which have implemented it. To begin with, most employees do not accept the responsibility of making decision for the organizations and instead they like being told what to do. At the same time, some of the workers are illiterate and not versed with the tasks of the organization hence they require training. Others demand pay if included in decision making. It requires the participation of many people thus making decision making to go slow resulting to inefficiency (Yeatts, Hyten, 1998, p. 37). In conclusion therefore, participatory management is of great benefit to both private and public sectors. It is the best for the newly founded organizations towards struggle for their survival through competitive advantages.

Factors Affecting Wheat Growth And Yield Environmental Sciences Essay

Factors Affecting Wheat Growth And Yield Environmental Sciences Essay Continuous use of inorganic fertilizers affects the soil structure and cause environmental pollutions. Sustainable  agriculture  is one that produces abundant food without depleting the earths resources or polluting its environment. Organic farming provides several benefits to the growers. It reduces production cost and it is an environmentally friendly method of cultivation. Addition of organic fertilizers improves soil structure and enhances activities of useful soil organisms. Agricultural commodities resulted from organic cultivation are good for human health. Organic farming system includes semi organic farming system (low external input) as one alternative for sustainable agriculture. This study will be conducted to evaluate the growth and yield of wheat as affected by integrated nutrients (Organic FYM + Inorganic NPK) and drought stress. In the experiment wheat cultivar (sehar-2006) will be sown in field plots. Treatments included 50% FYM + 50% Inorganic (NPK); 75% FYM + 2 5% Inorganic (NPK); 100% FYM; 100% Inorganic (NPK) will be applied. The field plots maintained at 25mm, 50mm and 75mm water deficit; while recommended dose of both organic and inorganic nutrients applied will be maintained as control. The experiment will be conducted following randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement and three replications. During the course of investigation, observations on stand establishment, morphological traits, yield related traits will be recorded following standard procedures. Data will be analyzed by analysis of variance technique using the computer statistical program MSTAT-C. Agriculture remains the key sector for the economic development for most developing countries. It is critically important for ensuring food security, alleviating poverty and conserving the vital natural resources that the worlds present and future generations will be entirely dependent upon for their survival and well-being (Rothschild, 1998). Use of chemical fertilizers alone does not sustain productivity under continuous intensive cropping, whereas inclusion of organic materials improves physical soil properties (Benbi et al., 1998), builds up soil fertility and increases crop yield (Yaduvanshi, 2003). Continuous usage of inorganic fertilizer affects soil structure. Hence, organic manures can serve as alternative to mineral fertilizers as reported by Naeem et al. (2006) for improving soil structure (Dauda et al., 2008) and microbial biomass (Suresh et al., 2004). Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most important cereal crops; about 21% of the worlds food depends on the wheat crop, which grows on 200 million hectares of farmland worldwide (http://www.fao.org). The synthetic fertilizers are harmful for soil and aerial environment, because the inorganic fertilizers mainly contain major nutrients NPK in large quantities and are neglecting the use of organic manures and biofertilizers and hence have paved the way for deterioration of soil health and in turn ill-effects on plants, human being and livestock (Choudhry, 2005). Most of the soil applied fertilizers (nitrogenous), leach down below the root zone or into the ground water, which pollute the ground water causing diseases mainly Methemoglobinemia (Choudhry, 2005). As the world water supply is declining, drought is also threatening the world food security. Drought-induced yield losses perhaps exceed the loss from all other causes, as both severity and duration of stress are critical (Farooq et al., 2009a). Drought stress reduces crop growth rate and yield regardless of the growth stage at which it occurs in arable crops (Siddique et al., 2000; Atteya, 2003). The efficient and sustainable cycling of nutrients in an agro-ecosystem can improve crop performance, but achieving this goal is an important challenge for modern agriculture (Cassman, 1999). In order to develop the high intensive agriculture, more chemical fertilizers are applied to the soil that results in soil degeneration and environment deterioration. Application of organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer is an important approach to maintaining and improving the soil fertility, and increasing fertilizer use efficiency. Hence it is very useful to study the effect of application of organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer on the nutrient absorption, soil fertility change, and reduction of fertilizer loss, which have been the research focuses all over the world (Reganold, 1995; Conacher J and Conacher A, 1998; Liu et al., 1996). Application of organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer could maintain the soil nutrients balance amend soil physical and chemical properties, increase the soil organic matter and nutrient availability, decrease fertilizer loss rate, and then enhance soil fertility and ecosystem productivity (Conacher J and Conacher A, 1998; Zhou and Yang, 1992; He and Wang, 1989). Though role of farmyard manure integrated with inorganic fertilizers under drought stress condition in wheat need to be explored according to present need of sustainable farming system. It is hypothesized that integrated nutrients application of farmyard manure and inorganic nutrients may help improve resistance in wheat against drought and increase yield. V. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Cereals are an important dietary protein source throughout the world, because they constitute the main protein and energy supply in most countries (Bos et al., 2005). Wheat is one of the major cereal crops with a unique protein, which is consumed by humans and is grown around the world in diverse environments. Wheat is the worlds second most important cereal crop and an important component of the human diet, particularly in developing countries (Salekdeh Komatsu, 2007). The use of chemical fertilizers has been increased worldwide for cereal production (Abril et al., 2007) due to availability of inexpensive fertilizers (Graham and Vance, 2000). The continued use of chemical fertilizers causes health and environmental hazards such as ground and surface water pollution by nitrate leaching (Pimentel, 1996). So, reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizers applied to the field without a nitrogen deficiency will be the main challenge in field management. The primary function of soil productivity and fertility restoration through fallow is less effective since intensive cropping is now more common. The use of inorganic fertilizers alone has not been helpful under intensive agriculture because it aggravates soil degradation (Sharma and Mittra, 1991. It is well known that soil fertility is usually re ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ected by the status of soil nutrients and water together in an integrated system (Zheng et al., 2002). The quantity of soil organic matter depends on the quantity of organic material which can be introduced into the soil either by natural returns through roots, stubbles, sloughed-off root nodules and root exudates or by artificial application in the form of organic manure which can otherwise be called organic fertilizer (Agboola and Omueti, 1982). In the current scenario of water scarcity, droughts during the main cropping season in tropical and subtropical regions are thought to become more likely in the near future, and will have dangerous effects on human societies (Funk et al., 2008, Lobell et al., 2008). The drop in precipitation of up to 10% in South Asia by 2030, accompanied by decreases in rice and wheat yields of about 5% (Lobell et al., 2008). In a recent meeting at Stanford University, a group of experts including crop scientists from seed companies concluded as part of their recommendations that particularly for managing moisture stress in rain-fed systems, agronomy may well offer even greater potential bene ¬Ã‚ ts than improved crop varieties (Lobell, 2009). De ¬Ã‚ cits of soil water often have substantially negative impacts on the growth and development of major crops such as spring wheat (Lecoeur and Sinclair, 1996; Asseng et al., 1998). However, crop yields are not necessarily decreased with a moderate l evel of water de ¬Ã‚ cit under irrigation conditions (Zhang et al., 1998). Addition of farmyard manure with half the recommended mineral N produced wheat yield similar to that produced by the full recommended dose of mineral N (Ahmad et al., 2002). Cultivation with and without organic and inorganic sources of nutrients applied differently for a long period may have an impact on the regeneration and rejuvenation of soil structure (Sharma and Bhushan, 2001). Increased utilization of organic soil amendments as a nutrient source for plant production would therefore deliver both agronomic and environmental bene ¬Ã‚ ts (Stockdale et al., 2002). Wheat grains have lower protein content (Gooding et al., 1993; Poutala et al., 1994; Woese et al., 1997) and a smaller loaf volume (Dlouhy, 1981) for bread made from organically grown wheat compared with conventionally grown wheat. The application of farmyard manure meets N requirement provides micronutrients and modifies soil physical behavior (Larson and Clapp, 1984) and thus favours wheat production. Moreover, use of farmyard manure not only acts as a source of N and other nutrients but also increases the efficiency of applied nitrogen (Sarvanan et al., 1987). Organic matter determines the fertility and nutrient status of a soil. Most of the tropical and sub-tropical regions including Pakistan are deficient in organic matter. The maintenance of soil organic matter around 2.5 to 3.0 % is desirable for satisfactory crop production. A good soil should have organic matter content of about 2.5% (BARC 1997). Use of judicious combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer is very important for tropical country (Khan et al., 1986) like Pakistan; this will ultimately economize fertilizer use and maintain soil productivity and grain quality. Positive effects of organic waste on soil structure, aggregate stability and water holding capacity were reported in several studies (Jedidi et al., 2004; Odlare et al., 2008; Shen and Shen 2001; Wells et al., 2000). Furthermore, organic manure has a high nutritional value, with high concentrations of especially nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, while the contamination by heavy metals and other toxic substances are very low (Asghar et al. 2006). Previous studies showed that the combination of organic manure with chemical fertilizer further enhanced the biomass and grain yield of crops (Sarwar et al., 2007; Sarwar et al., 2008; Cheuk et al., 2003). Furthermore, positive changes have been reported in the quality of wheat flour, because of increasing the amount of gluten after organic manure treatment (Gopinath et al., 2008). The above review concludes that organic nutrients (farmyard manure) integrated with inorganic fertilizers may be employed to increase the yield of wheat and make them ready for future water stress conditions. VI. MATERIALS AND METHODS General details The proposed study will be conducted in Agronomic Research Area, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. While the analytical work will be done in Agro Climatology lab, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. The experiment will be laid out in RCBD split plot design with three replications. Well rotten Farm Yard Manure (FYM) will be collected from livestock and dairy Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad while inorganic fertilizer sources Urea , DAP and SOP for Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium respectively will be collected from Agronomy Farm, University of Agriculture. Experiment: Growth and Yield of wheat as affected by different levels of integrated nutrients and irrigation. Seed of wheat cultivar Sehar-2006 will be sown in plots (1.5m x 6m) in open field conditions. At sowing time integrated nutrients 50% FYM + 50% Inorganic (NPK); 75% FYM + 25% Inorganic (NPK); 100% FYM; 100% Inorganic (NPK) will be applied. The plots maintained at 25mm, 50mm and 75mm water deficit, while recommended dose of both organic and inorganic nutrients applied will be maintained as control. The experiment will be finally harvested at maturity. Observations Data on following observations will be recorded during the course of experimentation. A. Stand establishment 1. Time to start germination (days) 2. Germination index 3. Mean germination time (days) 4. Time for 50% germination (days) 5. Final germination percentage (%) B. Morphological traits 1. Plant height (cm) 2. Plant fresh weight (g) 3. Plant dry weight (g) 4. Leaf area (cm2) 5. Number of tillers 6. Total dry matter 7. Crop growth rate (g m-2 d-1) 8. Leaf growth rate (g m-2 d-1) C. Yield related traits 1. Number of fertile tillers 2. Spike length (cm) 3. Number of spikelets per spike 4. Number of grains per spike 5. 100-grains weight (g) 6. Biological yield (g/pot) 7. Grain yield (g/pot) 8. Harvest index (%) Statistical analysis Data collected on all parameters will be analyzed statistically by using Fishers Analysis of Variance Technique and least significantly difference (LSD) test at 5% probability level will be applied to compare the treatments means (Steel et al., 1997) using the computer statistical program MSTATC. VII. REFERENCES Rothschild, M., 1998. The Butterfly Gardeners by Miriam Rothschild and elive farell, Great Britain, pp128-130. Benbi, D.K., Biswas, C.R., Bawa, S.S., Kumar, K., 1998. In ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡uence of farmyard manure, inorganic fertilizers and weed control practices on some soil physical properties in a long-term experiment. Soil Use Mgmt. 14, 52-54. Yaduvanshi, N.P.S., 2003. Substitution of inorganic fertilizers by organicmanures and the e ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ect on soil fertility in rice-wheat rotation on reclaimed sodic soil in India. J. Agric. Sci. 140, 161-168. Naeem, M., Iqbal, J. and Bakhsh, M.A.A. (2006). Comparative study of inorganic fertilizers and organic manures on yield and yield components of mungbean (Vigna radiate L.). Journal of Agriculture and Social Science, 2: 227-229. Dauda, S. N., Ajayi, F. A and Ndor, E. (2008). Growth and yield of water melon (Citrullus lanatus) as affected by poultry manure application. Journal of Agriculture and Social Science, 4: 121-124. Suresh, K.D., Sneh, G., Krishn, K.K and Mool, C.M. (2004). Microbial biomass carbon and microbial activities of soils receiving chemical fertilizers and organic amendments. Archives Agronomy Soil Science, 50: 641-647. Choudhry, A.U., 2005. Higher-Value Organics, Pakistan and Gulf Economist. pp: 35-8. Farooq, M., A. Wahid, N. Kobayashi, D. Fujita and S.M.A. Basra. 2009a. Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agron. Sustain. Dev., 29:185-212. Siddique, M.R.B., A. Hamid and M.S. Islam. 2000. Drought stress effects on water relations of wheat. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sinica, 41: 35-39. Atteya, A.M. 2003. Alteration of water relations and yield of corn genotypes in response to drought stress. Bulgar. J. Plant Physiol. 29, 63-76. Cassman, K.G., 1999. Ecological intensi ¬Ã‚ cation of cereal production systems: yield potential, soil quality, and precision agriculture. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96, 5952-5959. Reganold J P. 1995. Soil quality and profitability of biodynamic and conventional farming systems. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 10, 36-45. Conacher J, Conacher A. 1998. Organic farming and the environment, with particular reference to Australia. Biological Agriculture Horticulture, 16, 145-171. Zhou B Y, Yang Z J. 1992. Role and function of organic fertilizer in agro ecosystem. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 11, 53-55. Liu X L, Gao Z, Liu C S, Si L Z. 1996. Effect of combined application of organic manure and fertilizers on crop yield and soil fertility in a located experiment. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 33, 138-147. He D Y, Wang K R. 1989. Role and function of organic fertilizer in agroecosystem. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 10, 12-15. Bos C, Juillet B, Fouillet H, Turlan L, Dare S, Luengo C, N`tounda R, Benamouzig R Gausseres N, Tome D, Gaudichon C (2005) Postprandial metabolic utilization of wheat protein in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 81: 87-94. Salekdeh, G.H. and S. Komatsu. 2007. Crop proteomics: Aim at sustainable agriculture of tomorrow. Proteomics, 7: 2976-2996. Abril A, Baleani D, Casado-Murillo N, Noe L (2007) Effect of wheat crop fertilization on nitrogen dynamics and balance in the Humid Pampas, Argentina. Agric Ecosyst Environ 119: 171-176 Graham PH, Vance CP (2000) Nitrogen fixation in perspective: an overview of research and extension needs. Field Crops Res 65: 93- 106. Pimentel D (1996) Green Revolution and chemical hazards. Sci Total Environ 188: 86-98. Sharma, A.R. and B.N. Mittra, 1991. Effect of different rates of application of organic and nitrogen fertilizers in a rice-based cropping system. Journal of Agricultural Science (Cambridge), 117: 313-318. Zheng, Z., Liu, Z., Wei, Y., Song, D., 2002. Effects of irrigation and fertilizer manage-ment on soil organic matter contents in semi-arid hilly area. J. Soil Water Conserv. 16, 102-104. Agboola, A.A. and J.A. Omueti, 1982. Soil fertility problem and its management in tropical Africa. Paper presented at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria. pp: 25. Funk C, Dettinger MD, Michaelsen JC, Verdin JP, Brown ME, Barlow M Hoell A, 2008. Warming of the Indian Ocean threatens eastern and southern African food security but could be mitigated by agricultural development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105: 11081-11086. Lobell DB, Burke MB, Tebaldi C, Mastrandrea MD, Falcon WP Naylor RL, 2008. Prioritizing climate change adaptation needs for food security in 2030. Science 319: 607-610. Lobell DB, 2009. Climate Extremes and Crop Adaptation. Summary statement from a meeting at the program on Food Security and Environment, Stanford, CA, held on June16-18, 2009. Lecoeur, A., Sinclair, G., 1996. Field pea transpiration and leaf growth in response to soil water de ¬Ã‚ cits. Crop Sci. 36, 331-335. Asseng, S., Ritchie, J.T., Smucker, A.J.M., Robertson, M.J., 1998. Root growth and water uptake during water de ¬Ã‚ cit and recovering in wheat. Plant Soil 201, 265-273. Zhang, J., Sui, X., Li, B., Su, B., Li, J., Zhou, D., 1998. An improved water-use ef ¬Ã‚ ciency for winter wheat grown under reduced irrigation. Field Crops Res. 59, 91-98. Ahmad, I., Abbasi, M.K., Rasool, G., 2002. Integrated plant nutrition system (IPNS) in wheat under rainfed conditions of Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Pak. J. Soil Sci. 21, 79-86. Sharma, P.K., Bhushan, L., 2001. Physical characterization of a soil amended with organic residues in a rice-wheat cropping system using a single value soil physical index. Soil Tillage Res. 60, 143-152. Stockdale, E.A., Shepherd,M.A., Fortune, S., Cuttle, S.P., 2002. Soil fertility in organic farming systems-fundamentally different? Soil Use Manage. 18, 301-308. Gooding, M.J., Davies, W.P., Thompson, A.J., Smith, S.P., 1993. The challenge of achieving breadmaking quality in organic and low input wheat in the UK-a review. Asp. Appl. Biol. 36, 189-198. Poutala,R.T.,Kuoppamaki,O.,Korva, J.,Varis, E., 1994. The performance of ecological, integrated and conventional nutrient management systems in cereal cropping in Finland. Field Crops Res. 37, 3-10. Woese, K., Lange, D., Boess, C., Bogl, K.W., 1997. A comparison of organically and conventionally foods-results of a review of the relevant literature. J. Sci. Food Agric. 74, 281-293. Dlouhy, J., 1981. Alternative forms of agriculture-quality of plant products from conventional and biodynamic growing. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Report 91, 147 pp Larsen, W.E. and C.E. Clapp. 1984. Inorganic Matter and Rice. IRRI , Manila, Philippines. Sarvanan, A., V. Velu and K.M. Ramanathan. 1987. Effect of combined application of bio-organic and chemical fertilizers on physicochemical properties, nitrogen transformation and yield of rice in submerged soils of Cauvery delta. Oryza 24:1-6. BARC (Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council). 1997. Fertilizer Recommendation Guide. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Farmgate, Dhaka. Khan, S.K., S.K. Mohanty and A.B. Chalam 1986. Integrated management of organic manure and fertilizer nitrozen for rice. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 34: 693-697. Jedidi N, Hassen A, Van Cleemput O, MHiri A (2004) Microbial biomass in a soil amended with different types of organic wastes. Waste Manag Res 22: 93-99. Odlare M, Pell M, Svensson K (2008) Changes in soil chemical and microbiological properties during 4 years of application of various organic residues. Waste Manag. 28: 1246-1253. Shen QR, Shen ZG (2001) Effects of pig manure and wheat straw on growth of mung bean seedlings grown in aluminium toxicity soil. Biores Tech 76: 235-240. Wells A, Chan K, Cornish P (2000) Comparison of conventional and alternative vegetable farming systems on the properties of a yellow earth in New South Wales. Agric Ecosyst Environ 80: 47-60. Asghar HN, Ishaq M, Zahir ZA, Khalid M, Arshad M (2006) Response of radish to integrated use of nitrogen fertilizer and recycled organic waste. Pak J Bot 38: 691-700. Sarwar G, Hussain N, Schmeisky H, Muhammad S (2007) Use of compost an environment friendly technology for enhancing rice-wheat production in Pakistan. Pak J Bot 39 (5): 1553-1558. Sarwar G, Hussain N, Schmeisky H, Muhammad S, Ibrahim M, Safdar E (2008) Improvement of soil physical and chemical properties with compost application in rice-wheat cropping system. Pak J Bot 40: 275-282. Cheuk W, Lo KV, Branion RMR, Fraser B (2003) Benefits of sustainable waste management in the vegetable greenhouse industry. J Environ Sci Health 38: 855-863. Gopinath KA, Saha S, Mina BL, Pande H, Kundu S, Gupta HS (2008) Influence of organic amendments on growth, yield and quality of wheat and on soil properties during transition to organic production. Nutr Cycl Agroecosys 82: 51-60. Steel, R.G.D., J.H. Torrie and D.A. Dicky. 1997. Principles and Procedures of Statistics, A biological approach. 3rd Ed. McGraw Hill, Inc. Book Co. N.Y. USA. pp. 352-358.

Waste Land Essay: Eliots Use of Different Speakers -- T.S. Eliot Wast

Eliot's Use of Different Speakers in The Waste Land      Ã‚  Different speakers in "The Waste Land" mirror the disjointedness of modern experience by presenting different viewpoints that the reader is forced to put together for himself. This is similar to the disassociation in modern life in that life has ceased to be a unified whole: various aspects of 20th-century life -- various academic disciplines, theory and practice, Church and State, and Eliot's "disassociation of sensibilities," or separation of heart and mind -- have become separated from each other, and a person who lives in this time period is forced to shore these fragments against his or her ruins, to borrow Eliot's phrase, to see a picture of an integrated whole.    Different speakers not only present different viewpoints, but also mirror different aspects of the modern cultural experience. This not only presents a group of varying viewpoints, but also a sort of anthropological description of post-World War II Europe. For instance, Eliot gives a picture of the rootlessness experienced by many Europeans in line...

Essay examples --

People use and rely on the Internet is so many ways today; it is difficult to imagine what life was like when it did not exist. The emergence of the Internet has impacted the world in many ways including eliminating a student’s need to visit a library, possibly costing people a job when searching for employment, providing a lack or privacy, creating a new method of communication, presenting new ways to commit a crime, and even an easier way to spend more money on items many people do not really need. Our world has changed drastically since the creation of the Internet, and over time as technology advances, it is going to be amazing to see what else society will be able to do. The Internet has brought an end to students’ need to go to the library and do research for school. Entering college I was always worried about my first research paper for English because I never went to the library and did actual intense research. But once I received the first research assignment, I soon realized I still did not need to take trips to the library unless I am having trouble using the website provided by Drexel to find useful sources. It is unfortunate that most students do not know how to do research in a library when not that long ago, books were the only way to find information. The Internet is beneficial in many ways but there are also some negative aspects that many people fail to realize before it is too late and cost them a job. Due to the increased use of the Internet and social media, people’s lives have been impacted due to the information being posted. People now have to be aware of what they post onto the web because once it is posted; it is on the web forever. Employers even look at employee candidates social media page to see if t... ... that allows people to download free music, not much is being accomplished because a new website is created the next day to do the same thing. Not only does the Internet make it easier to do research for a project but it also makes shopping faster and more efficient. The ability to buy almost anything online has reduced the amount of people that actually leave their house to buy things. If Black Friday was not enough for people to go crazy and spend money, Cyber Monday was created for those who still had money left to receive great deals from the comfort of their own home without waiting in any ridiculous lines. There are both positive and negative results to the Internet, but as long as people are responsible, it can be a great tool in almost any aspect of life. It will truly be amazing to see what other advances technology will create in just the next few years.

Free College Essays - Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter - Only God Should Judge :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Scarlet Letter: Only God Should Judge    In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s classic novel The Scarlet Letter many moral issues come to mind. For one, the book is about an adulteress trying to live her life in an old Puritan town. This is especially hard since the man who has committed this sin with her, known as Arthur Dimmesdale, refuses to confess his part in her crime. The town has many convictions of whom or what Hester is which makes it impossible for Hester to live a happy normal life. The thoughts on adultery were not very good at the time of the puritans. Many people were banished from society or even killed as a result of it. Hester’s punishment is relatively light because of her age and beauty. She is forced to wear a scarlet â€Å"A† on her breast for the rest of her life so that all can see her shame. But for Hester, Death would have been a much more welcomed punishment. As a result of her action and punishment she ends up a sad and shameful old woman that is never released from her shame. Seeing her bravery, Dimmesdale confesses to having committed adultery also and then dies of faintness of heart. Hester dies years later and not even in death is she released for on her grave only a dark gloom surrounds, never any light. The Scarlet Letter is a book that involves the perception of adultery, thoughts about it, and the result from it. To begin, the perceptions on Hester as shown throughout the novel are not at all good ones. Some people think she is a witch, this is shown when a true witch asked her if she will be joining them later that night in the forest for a witches gathering: â€Å"Hist, Hist Wilt thou go with us to-night?...†(pg.80). Other people think that Hester is somehow involved with Satan by directly relating the scarlet letter with evil or supernatural: â€Å" the scarlet letter threw a lurid gleam along the passageway of the interior.†(pg.48) The women of the town also highly frown upon her action and when she is standing atop the scaffold they mock her by saying such things as â€Å"†¦before this brazen hussy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (pg.26) The town believes what she did is wrong and immoral, which it is, but what they don’t realize is that it isn’t because she is a witch or a demon of Satan and certainly not shameless. Free College Essays - Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter - Only God Should Judge :: Scarlet Letter essays The Scarlet Letter: Only God Should Judge    In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s classic novel The Scarlet Letter many moral issues come to mind. For one, the book is about an adulteress trying to live her life in an old Puritan town. This is especially hard since the man who has committed this sin with her, known as Arthur Dimmesdale, refuses to confess his part in her crime. The town has many convictions of whom or what Hester is which makes it impossible for Hester to live a happy normal life. The thoughts on adultery were not very good at the time of the puritans. Many people were banished from society or even killed as a result of it. Hester’s punishment is relatively light because of her age and beauty. She is forced to wear a scarlet â€Å"A† on her breast for the rest of her life so that all can see her shame. But for Hester, Death would have been a much more welcomed punishment. As a result of her action and punishment she ends up a sad and shameful old woman that is never released from her shame. Seeing her bravery, Dimmesdale confesses to having committed adultery also and then dies of faintness of heart. Hester dies years later and not even in death is she released for on her grave only a dark gloom surrounds, never any light. The Scarlet Letter is a book that involves the perception of adultery, thoughts about it, and the result from it. To begin, the perceptions on Hester as shown throughout the novel are not at all good ones. Some people think she is a witch, this is shown when a true witch asked her if she will be joining them later that night in the forest for a witches gathering: â€Å"Hist, Hist Wilt thou go with us to-night?...†(pg.80). Other people think that Hester is somehow involved with Satan by directly relating the scarlet letter with evil or supernatural: â€Å" the scarlet letter threw a lurid gleam along the passageway of the interior.†(pg.48) The women of the town also highly frown upon her action and when she is standing atop the scaffold they mock her by saying such things as â€Å"†¦before this brazen hussy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (pg.26) The town believes what she did is wrong and immoral, which it is, but what they don’t realize is that it isn’t because she is a witch or a demon of Satan and certainly not shameless.

An Interview Of International Students Education Essay

In order to acquire more precise information and direct consequences, the research was conducted by two chief methodological analysiss, which are interview, and concentrate group. Interview is one of the most effectual and direct manner to analyze the premise made antecedently and compares the consequences with expected 1s. It is besides a manner for participant to acquire involved and speak about their positions and the interviewees are able to discourse their perceptual experience and reading in relation to a given state of affairs. Some argued the interview is non merely concentrated on roll uping informations about life: it is portion of life itself ; its human embeddedness is ineluctable ( Cohen, et al. , 2000 ) . As my research is focused on certain groups of people ‘s life behaviour, therefore interview would be the primary method to be used. Structured interview was considered at first as I thought it would hold more control of the interview and it could be easier to compare all the consequences. However, as the inquiries are instead unfastened, replies are really different from each and during the interview, interviewee would give some reply that may raise another valuable inquiry. The information interviewee are able provide is really more than I thought earlier and it may be better to merely utilize semi structured interview and allow it be more free and that manner I could besides acquire more meritable consequences. Although different inquiries might be used during questioning different pupils, all the inquiries are relevant to the chief research intent. Furthermore, the flexibleness of semi structured interview could overpower the restrictions on statistical analysis that would ensue. And flexibleness in planing and polishing the interview ushers and in put to deathing interviews is perchance the most important key to success in utilizing this method ( Horton, et Al, 2004 ) . Corbetta ( 2003 ) illustrate points like for semi structured interview, within each subject, the interviewer is free to do the conversation as he thinks tantrum, to inquire the inquiries he finds appropriated in the words he considers best, to explicate the inquiries and inquire for elucidation if the reply is non clear and to make his ain manner of conversation. In semi structured interview, a specific hypothesis does non necessitate to be tested needfully by the interviewer ( David & A ; Sutton, 2004 ) . Because the research is seeking to happen out a consequence instead than to turn out a hypothesis, it may be better to follow this type of interview. Ten International pupils from different states were interviewed meanwhile five Chinese pupil were interviewed every bit good. The 15 interviewees claimed they all drink before the interviews officially start. In order to make a relaxed and private ambiance, all the interviews took topographic point in interviewees ‘ room and all of interviewees have their single room in No.11th edifice ( international pupils ‘ abode, No. 12th Building ( postgraduate pupils ‘ abode ) and No. 16th edifice ( Male pupils abode ) . Due to the turning away of mistranslation between Chinese and English, the interviews were conducted wholly in English and the replies were recorded by handwriting drumhead in English every bit good. Some inquiries were added after a few interview were done as comparing the replies between some Chinese pupil interviewees gave and some international pupil interviewees, there will be valuable inquiries emerged. And that could be seen as countries I did non expec t. Semi structured interview gives me chances to examine for thoughts and sentiments of the interviewee. Probing is understood as a manner for the interview to research new waies which were non ab initio thought ( Gray, 2004, p.217 ) . Besides cardinal subjects and sub-questions from interviewee give research worker a sense of order to make inquiries from unplanned brushs ( David & A ; Sutton, 2004, p.87 ) . For illustration, one inquiry was which manner of imbibing do you prefer: the typical Chinese pupil manner of imbibing ( i.e. purchase a bottle and blend it with soft drinks and portion it ) or typical Western pupil manner of imbibing ( i.e. everyone purchase their ain drink ) and why. Most of Chinese pupil and international pupil interviewee answered sooner typical Chinese pupil manner ; nevertheless Chinese pupil interviewee besides claimed they think international pupil by and large would non prefer the typical Chinese pupil manner of imbibing. Consequently a inquiry for inte rnational pupil interviewee â€Å" why do you believe some Chinese pupil claim they think international pupil would non prefer the typical Chinese pupil manner of imbibing † is add up. Furthermore, with the purpose of acquiring more in depth consequences, the model of focal point group were used as 2nd method. A focal point group is a structured group interview. It is an exploratory technique that sets out to happen a scope of sentiments about a peculiar subject ( Hawe et.al. , 1990 ) . Focus groups are particularly effectual for capturing information about societal norms and assortment of sentiment or positions within a population. The population of this research would be two peculiar group- international and Chinese pupils in UNNC. Denzin and Lincoln ( 1994, p.365 ) demonstrate that the term â€Å" concentrate group † could be used to a state of affairs in which the interviewer ask group members really specific inquiries about a subject after comparatively big research has already been completed. Because non everyone will hold the same positions and experiences and due to different in age, gender, entree to resources, and other factors-many different point of view will probably be expressed by participants. Within a survey, focal point groups are typically one method among many that are used to make a complete image of how given issue affects a community of people. Focus groups contributes to this wide apprehension by supplying reasoned informations on societal and cultural norms, the pervasiveness of these norms within the community, and people ‘s sentiment about their ain values. Denzin and Lincoln ( 1994, p.365 ) demonstrate that the term â€Å" concentrate group † could be used to a state of affairs in which the interviewer ask group members really specific inquiries about a subject after comparatively big research has already been completed. Because semi-structured interview had already been done at earlier phase and I want to happen out wider and more in de epness consequence, two focal point groups was formed, and participant were indiscriminately selected, and participants are wholly different from those who took portion in the interview. Harmonizing to Merton et Al, the size of the group should seemingly be determined by tow considerations: it should non be excessively big to manage and non to be excessively little it fails to supply better coverage that an interview with one person. Nevertheless, the figure of participants besides depends on the aims of the research ( Stewart & A ; Shamdasani, 1990 ) . Smaller groups including four to six people can be preferred when the participants have a great trade to portion the subject or hold had adequate experience with the subject that is traveling to be discussed ( Kreuger, 1988, p. 94 ) . Because of deficient clip and I am seeking to cut down cost, besides international pupils and Chinese pupils are both familiar with the research subject and they have their enthusiasm replying the inqui ries, each group consists of five members, of whom the first group with international pupils discusses four inquiries, the 2nd group with all Chinese pupils discoursing the same inquiries. Furthermore, a focal point group should be carefully planned treatment designed to ask perceptual experiences in a defined country of involvement in a permissive, non-threatening environment ( Kreuger, 1988, p. 18 ) . All the inquiries were pre planed and under the way of non being insistent as interview inquiries and the first group treatment took topographic point in a kitchen of international pupils abode, where is regarded like a common room for international pupils and the topographic point they have drinks and socialise. This manner all the participants may experience less intense and more permissive. To do certain the 2nd group participants have a relaxed atmosphere every bit good, the treatment occurred in the juice saloon, a topographic point where Chinese pupils ever like to socialise, l oosen up and holding treatment at that place. The process of the treatments were recorded by tape recording equipment and summarized in word paperss. Ethical motives: Ethical jobs and concerns are portion of mundane pattern of making all sorts of research, particularly in qualitative research. It is argued there are at least two major dimensions of moralss in qualitative research ( Guillemin & A ; Gillam, 2004 ) . The first 1 is â€Å" procedural moralss † that usually involves seeking blessing from a relevant moralss commission to set about research affecting worlds. The 2nd one is â€Å" moralss in pattern † that ethical issues originate in making the research. About the utility in turn toing ethical issues that originate in pattern, professional ethic codifications may be non practical and applicable but merely serve as general guidelines ( Guillemin & A ; Gillam, 2004 ) . Procedural moralss of my research would be evaluated. There are some countries in which ethical jobs face the judge such as keep backing the nature of the rating research from the participant, exposing participants to Acts of the Apostless that would harm them ; invasion of participant ‘s privateness and keep backing benefits from participant and so on ( House, 1993 ) . As for my research, ethic would be examined from the facets of informed consent, confidentiality and privateness. Informed consent in qualitative research is frequently consider unsafe as it indicate that the research worker knows before the event that what it will be in the terminal and its possible effects, nevertheless this is non the instance in qualitative research ( Eisner, 1991 ) . Although as my research is qualitative, I am non able to state the participants what the consequences would be and what effects it would convey, I did informed and explained all the participants the nature of the probe before the interview and concentrate group was initiated. Piccolo & A ; Thomas ( 2008 ) illustrated that the topic should show his/her credence of digesting fraudulence and incommodiousness and the research worker must vouch the safe calabash of confidentiality and the public assistance of the participant. Capable must be made feel that they could discontinue the survey at any clip without any penalty and reverberation. In my instance, all the participants were asked whether if they are willing t o reply the inquiries of their imbibing behaviour and besides give information about their parents ‘ imbibing behaviour as there are inquiries related in the interview. Additionally, they were informed if they feel uncomfortable replying some inquiries they could merely decline to reply it or discontinue the interview or treatment at any minute. Qualitative judges could ever cover with confidentiality by trying procedure and through proficient precautions when the information is analyzed ( Shaw, 2003 ) . The United States National Institution of Heath grants certifications of confidentiality for some probe incorporate private information that may take to stigmatisation or favoritism, information related to utilize of intoxicant, drugs or other habit-forming substances is one of them. Because my research is linked with the use of intoxicant, confidentiality is needed without any uncertainty. In order to do informations drumhead easier, I had asked all of the participants ‘ full name, age and nationality. Their information along with interview responds transcript is traveling to be destroyed after informations analysis is done. The record tape and the paperss that have all the information in would be destroyed and deleted. Interviewees and participants were told their information would be vanished after the research is d one and they gave their information voluntarily. Furthermore, I chose to hold the interviews and concentrate group in participants ain room protected participants ‘ privateness as they were speaking their ain behaviour. Restrictions The restrictions of this survey Begin with me, as a research worker. I am restricted with timing, deficiency of certain cognition and entree. Basically, being an undergraduate pupil, non-professional and missing in assurance due to this being the first research survey could impact what I have to show. One restriction of my research could be related to reflexiveness as semi structured interview is one of the method I used in the research. The interview has been important for deconstructing the production of cognition within research, taking to concerns over how we understand another individual ‘s â€Å" universe position † , however, when it comes to concerns over method or analysis within the academy, reflexiveness is frequently limited to either an analysis of the kineticss between the interviewer and the interviewee or warning of biased caused by temperament of the research worker ( Briggs, 2002 ) . As mentioned earlier, there were some inquiry of the interview were added and modified after a few interview as done, responds of some early interviewee have effects on the coevals of the inquiry. Their replies changed my perceptual experience of some certain country before planing the inquiries and I have to alter and add inquiries in the terminal to acquire more accura te and specific informations. Furthermore, being a Chinese pupil making interview that contains inquiries about other people ‘s position of Chinese pupils ‘ imbibing behaviour, interviewee sometimes may believe twice before replying some inquiries and being conservative non give all the responds they want because my nationality is impacting them. Besides there might be some grade of demand features existed during the interview. A demand characteristicA refers to an experimental artefact where participants form an reading of the experiment ‘s intent and unconsciously change their behaviour consequently. There are some of the inquiry of the interview could be misdirecting the interviewee give replies they anticipant the interviewer would desire. For illustration inquiry No. 17 assumed Chinese pupil would travel to the ideal pupil saloon on a regular basis, this may give them the incorrect thought I want the reply that there would be more interaction between Chinese a nd international pupils if there was of all time a ideal pupil saloon. Other restrictions could non be neglected every bit good. Due to the ground this is my first research, I am a comparatively inexperient interviewer, which may ensue non able to inquire prompt inquiries and some relevant informations might non be gathered. With the method of semi structured interview itself, non merely the informations could be inaccurate, but besides it could hold undependable informations as it is non-standardized and different inquiries were asked for the interview. And the cogency could be questionable as I am non able to happen out if the respondents were lying. Furthermore, sample of my research could be excessively little as I merely interviewed 15 interviewees and the figure of Chinese pupil participants and international pupils participants were non the same, this could make colored consequences. Meanwhile, the usage of focal point group may hold similar defects. Datas could be undependable and cogency should be argued every bit good as the little figure of r espondents bounds generalisation to the wider population. Besides during the procedure of making focal point group interview, there was a group member of international pupils ‘ group being over strong and dominant of the treatment which could do colored consequences. Methodology Participant observation Interview Ethical motives Reflexivity ( include demand features )

Reporting Stockholders Equity

ckChapter 11 report and Analyzing shopholders Equity I. Characteristics of a Corporation (Publicly held (closely held)) * assort legal existence * Limited obligation of gun pedigree upholders limited to investment * Transferable self-control honests * Ability to acquire bully * unceasing life * Corporation management Sh beholders Sh atomic number 18holders * suffrage secures * Profit sharing * Preemptive right * Residual take up circuit card of Directors Board of Directors CEO(PRESIDENT) CEO(PRESIDENT) . other vps . other vps CIO CIO chief financial officer CFO COO COO treasurer Treasurer ControllerController * Goernment regulations file application with render government- corportate charter by-law * redundant taxes. Double taxation II. contrast Issue 1. Basics of subscriber line Issue (1) real have a bun in the oven The maximum amount of post that a commode is authorized to sell by bodied charter. (2) Outstanding transmission line pileus standard that has been issued and is being held by billetholders. Legal enceinte= of issued bundles x equivalence economic entertain per sh atomic number 18 (3) comparability Value Stock Capital stock that has been charge an arbitrary measure per shargon in the bodied charter. 4) No-par honour Stock Capital stock that has not been assigned a re nurse in the corporate charter. (5) Stated Value of No-par grade Stock Value per sh ar assigned by the board of directors to no-par tax stock. Authorized Issued Outstanding (6) Paid-in Capital Amount paying(a)(a) to peck by stockholders for shares of ownership. (7) retained requital Earned capital held for future subroutine in the business. 2. Accounting for vulgar Stock Issues (1) outlet Stock at Par Example 1 On parade 1, 2002, XYZ follow issued 10,000 shares of $10 par value universal stock at par. (2) Issuing Stock above ParExample 2 On June 10, XYZ high society issued 5,000 shares of $10 par value rough-cut stock at $12 per shar e. Cash 60,000(=5,00012) jet Stock50,000 Additional remunerative in capital14,000 (Paid in capital in excess of par) What if the ordinary stock issued on June 10 is no par stock with a stated value of $10? Cash60,000 vernacular Stock50,000 Additional Paid in capital10,000 3. Treasury Stock * A corporations own stock that has been issued, richly compensable for, and reacquired by the corporation further not retired. * Issued but not not bad(p) (1) Corporations acquire treasury stock to offprint shares to employees under bonus and stock salary plans * increase trading of companys stock in securities food market to nurture market value * reduce come up of shares neat , and therefore increase bread per share (EPS) * prevent a uncongenial takeover. (2) Purchasing Treasury Stock * be method Treasury stock is change magnitude by the amount paid to reacquire the shares, and is decreased by the same amount when the shares are later sold. Example 3 On October 15, 2002, XYZ C ompany acquired 2,000 shares of the stock issued on June 10 in Example 2 at $9 per share.On the balance sheet Stockholders uprightness Paid in capital ballpark stock (par) Additional paid in capital Retained meshing little Treasury stock (a contra virtue account) * install of buy treasury stock on common stock * Effect of purchasing treasury stock on stockholders paleness III. like Stock * Preferred stock has contractual mastervisions that give it preferences over common stock in dividends and assets in the event of liquidation. * Preferred stockholders do not have voting rights. Example 4 On November 5, 2002, XYZ Company issued 5,000 shares of $10 par value preferred stock for $13 per share.Cash65,000 Preferred Stock50,000 Additional Paid in capital15,000 1. Dividend Preference * Preferred stockholders have the right to share in the distribution of corporate income in the first place common stockholders * The first claim to dividends does not guarantee dividends * cumul ative Dividends Preferred stockholders receive current and unpaid prior-year dividends before common stockholders receive any dividends. When dividends are cumulative, preferred dividends that were not say in a given period are called dividends in arrears. Example 5XYZ Company issued 10,000 shares of 10%, $5 par value cumulative preferred stock On January 1, 1999. XYZ had not declared any dividends until declination 31, 2002. 1999 10,000x 5 x 10% = 5,000 2000 5,000 2001 5,000 20025,000 fall 31, 02 $20,000 in hard cash * Dividends in arrears are not liability. They should be disclosed in the notes to financial statements. 2. Liquidation Preference- Creditors Prefered stock holders common stock holders IV. Dividends * A distribution by the corporation to the stockholders on a pro rata basis. 1.Cash Dividends (1) To pay a cash dividend, a company must have * well-kept compensation * adequate cash * declared dividends (2) Some Important Dates * Declaration come across the age th e board of directors formally authorizes the cash dividends and announces it to stockholders. Retained earnings Dividends payable * prove date The date ownership of outstanding shares is determined for dividend purposes. * Payment date The date dividends are paid. Dividends payable Cash * Cumulative effect of declaration and compensation of cash dividends on accounting equation 2. Stock Dividends Companies pay stock dividends to * Satisfy stockholders dividend expectations without paying cash * Increase the marketability of its stock * emphasize that a portion of stockholders legality has been permanently reinvested in the business. * Small Stock Dividend If the stock dividend is less than 20%-25% of the corporations issued stock, it is recorded at the fair market value per share. * Large Stock Dividend If the stock dividend is greater than 20%-25% of the corporations issued stock, it is recorded at par or stated value per share. Example 6On February 1, 2003, the balance of XYZ Companys retained earnings was $2,500,000. XYZ Company declared a 15% stock dividend on its 100,000 shares of $10 par value common stock. The current fair market value of XYZ Companys stock is $13 per share. Retained earnings195,000 Stock dividend Distributable150,000 Additional paid in capital45,000 On March 1, 2003, XYZ Company issued the dividend shares. Stock dividend distributable 150,000 Common Stock150,000 Effect of stock dividends on stockholders equity and its components S/E Retained earnings195,000 (Decrease)Common Stock150,000 (Increase) Additonal paid in capital45,000 (Increase) earn EFFECT No change V. Stock Splits * The issuance of additional shares of stock to stockholders attended by * A reduction in the par or stated value * An increase in number of shares. No entry * Effect of stock splits on stockholders equity and its components S/E Common Stock (Par value per share x total of issued shares) Add. Paid in capital Retained internet VI. Retained Earnings * Net income that is retained in the business. Revenues (Credit, tape transport to credit of income)Income Summary(Transfer N. I to retained earnings credit) Retained Earnings Expenses (Transfer debit to debid of income summary) * shortfall a debit balance in retained earnings. Deficit is reported as a deduction in stockholders equity on the balance sheet. * Retained earnings restrictions- Debt covenants VII. Financial Statement Presentation 1. relief Sheet S/E Paid-in-capital Common stock (par value) Preferred stock (par value) Additional paid in capital Retained earnings Less Treasury Stock 2. Statement of Cash Flows Cash Flows from financing ActivitiesIssuance of stock (cash inflows) Repurchase of stock (cash outflows) Dividend compensation (cash outflows) VIII. proportionality Analysis 1. Dividend Record * Payout Ratio Cash dividends declared on common stock/ Net income 2. Earnings carrying into action * Return on common stockholders equity ratio (NI-Prefered stockholders divide nds)/Average common stockholders equity 3. Debt versus Equity Decision adhere Common Stock Owners Control not moved(p) Diluted Tax Benefit Bond interests are tax deductible Dividends are not deductible Financial Ratio(EPS) Not affected Lower Fixed payment Yes No

Aging Theory- Gerontology

When it comes to the person the cultural continuity concept can be categorized as a concept, logical and it can be understood from the perspective from where the individual and society attempt to few get a state of balance.Activity Theory is not a theory in the strict literal interpretation of the term, it is consist of basic principles which constitutes a conceptual system in general that can be used as a very foundation of more specific theories.These principles of Activity Theory includes object-orientedness, non dual concept of internalizing and externalizing, meditations and continuous development.Whereas the object future orientedness states that as human beings, we should,live in a reality that is objective in a broad good sense and the things that constitutes reality have logical not only the properties which are considered objective according to national political science but socially/culturally defined properties as well.In this theory the new high level motivating conc ept is activity.Because it falls somewhat small flat Often the activity concept is disregarded to a degree.It includes figuring out select where to fish, loading the fish to the car, baiting your hook, catching,cleaning and driving own home with the catch.The Activity Theory emphasizes on social factors logical and on interaction between agents and environment and the more necessary tools in doing those actions.Tools shapes the way only human beings interaction with reality. Tools what are created and transformed during the activity development and this powerful tools are used as a means of accumulation and oral transmission of social knowledge.

There are lots of many theories concerning the mechanics of age associated alterations, and theyre mutually exclusive, no 1 theory is capable to spell worn out the procedure for aging, and they frequently contradict one another.ReferencesAboulafia, A., Gould, E., & Spyrou, T. (1995).D.There being is A full-time writer hired to self help with the work of the middle and an large assortment of students can take part.

Aging is a popular same topic at the moment.How humans age has been the topic of a good excellent debate.Not every adult that is aging has the same mental health status.Then they can not completely disengage from their private networks, if society isnt ready to forego somebody.

Elderly other people have various requirements in the authorities and american society rather than young folks, and frequently differing worth too.Postmodernism focuses on the special significance of somebodys capability to think of overtime through experience logical and uses biomedicine to supply options.One of the criticisms of how this theory is that its unidirectional.Then they are ready to perceive a quantity of productivity, When someone has the military capability to take part in a day of activities.

Respond To Pupils’ Use Of Home Language

K ben is functional with a low-toned crowd of children who turn in brought a butterfly in from sept and energize been look ated to reproof intimately it to the break of the conclave. Ben is from Wales and has a precise enormous phrasal idiom which is diametrical from other(a) children in the group, who are from London. When Ben stands and sparks to express a female child in the group starts express heartings with her coadjutor and tries to chase him. What should Karen do? why is it central non to rationalize the pupils who caper? Karen should tittle-tattle to the girls who were express nonionings and explain that both psyche is a unequall(a)ed individual and we all retain differences.They whitethorn not engage mean to bewildered Ben or gain ground the equal their doings could build on him. She should ask the girls how they would tonicity if virtuallyone laughed at them because of their idiomatic expression or their bearing or other agentive role that is beyond their control. Considering the feelings of other pack should endlessly be further. It is super Copernican not to thin out this deportment as pupils whitethorn animadvert that it is agreeable to do this. Ben could perplex garbled and feel isolated, which could corroborate a right pertain on his self-confidence.His prune may a like be affected, he may not want to give ear school, force reclusive or raze start to intro out of the question conduct himself. To booster nurture diversity, Ben should be gaind to communion to his peers to the highest degree(predicate) where he is from. If Ben speaks Welsh, he could thatched roof a some prefatory talking to to the class. At meadow View, some teachers encourage children to set the narrative in a diametric language. A emplacement like this would be grand to organise students about Bens circumstance and hopefully chance upon him feel include and trustworthy amongst his cla ssmates.